Kriegsmarine Reichskriegsflagge – Captured in Middelburg

Full view of Kriegsmarine flag — Full view of the captured Kriegsmarine Reichskriegsflagge (approx. 1.5 × 2.5 m), showing original rope hoist and visible wear.

Flag ID: FG-018

Background and Capture

This naval war flag was captured in the Dutch town of Middelburg on 7 November 1944, during Operation Infatuate. The 7/9th Royal Scots, part of the 52nd (Lowland) Division, accepted the unconditional surrender of German General Wilhelm Daser. The flag was taken down from Daser’s headquarters by Walter Steane Rowland and Bob Dryburgh. Its identity is fully confirmed by matching damage visible in a 2000 photograph and again in 2025, along with Rowland’s signed statement.

The Strategic Importance of the Capture

By October 1944, the Allied advance across Western Europe had outrun its supply lines. Antwerp had been liberated, but the Germans still controlled the Scheldt Estuary – the vital waterway leading to the port. Without it, the Allies could not receive fuel, ammunition, or reinforcements in bulk.

The Dutch island of Walcheren was the key. Its flooded interior and heavy German defenses created a deadly bottleneck. General Wilhelm Daser commanded the island’s defense with artillery covering the estuary. Operation Infatuate – an amphibious assault by British and Canadian forces – was launched to break that hold.

On 7 November 1944, Daser unconditionally surrendered in Middelburg. This act unlocked the estuary and allowed Allied ships to begin using Antwerp just three weeks later – shifting the momentum of the war. The supply crisis was broken.

The Historical Importance of This Flag

The Reichskriegsflagge shown here was taken down on that very day – 7 November 1944 – from General Daser’s headquarters by Corperal Walter Steane Rowland and Bob Dryburgh of the 7/9th Royal Scots. It is directly linked to the surrender that opened Antwerp.

The flag is documented through a signed statement, photos taken in 2000 and 2025, and physical damage matching those images. With that, it becomes more than a captured relic – it is a singular surviving witness to a turning point in European history.

Few original war flags can be so precisely traced to a named general, a strategic surrender, and two known Allied soldiers. This makes the Middelburg flag one of the most historically significant German flags to survive the Second World War.

Walter Rowland with flag 2000 — Walter Steane Rowland photographed with the flag on 12 December 2000 in Woy Woy, Central Coast, NSW, Australia.

Photographic Damage Match

Damage markers in 2000 — Four visual damage points seen in the 2000 photograph with Rowland: tear in the cross, cut line, stain near the swastika, and a pierced red field.

Matching damage in 2025 — The same damage is clearly visible on the current artifact, photographed in 2025. These match in position, shape and character.

Eyewitness Statement

Rowland statement — Handwritten and signed statement by Walter Steane Rowland, dated 10 December 2000, describing the surrender and capture of the flag.

Campaign Context

52nd Division map — Campaign map of the 52nd (Lowland) Division showing the route through the Scheldt Estuary and into Germany. Middelburg is marked in the western Netherlands.

A commemorative PDF booklet titled “Assault on Flushing”, published in 1969 for the 25th anniversary of the operation, provides additional veteran accounts and context.
📄 View PDF: Assault on Flushing

Associated Memorabilia

Royal Scots Association pin — Royal Scots Association badge, likely issued to Walter Rowland postwar as a veteran commemorative item.

Generalleutnant Wilhelm Daser

Wilhelm Daser (17 June 1884 – 14 April 1968) was a German officer who served in the Imperial Army, the Reichswehr, and later the Wehrmacht. He was born in Günzburg, Bavaria, and began his military career in 1902. Daser served during the First World War and remained in the armed forces during the Weimar Republic.

During the Second World War, Daser held various infantry commands. In 1944, he was appointed commander of German forces on Walcheren Island, tasked with defending the Scheldt Estuary, including the key towns of Middelburg and Flushing. He led the German resistance during Operation Infatuate, a critical Allied operation to clear the waterway leading to the port of Antwerp.

On 7 November 1944, facing overwhelming amphibious assault and after extensive flooding of the island by Allied bombing, Daser surrendered unconditionally in Middelburg to the 7/9th Royal Scots. Approximately 2,000 soldiers and 50 officers laid down arms.

After his capture, Daser was sent to Trent Park, a British POW facility for high-ranking German officers. He was released from captivity in 1947 and lived the remainder of his life in Utting am Ammersee, Bavaria, where he died on 14 April 1968.

Daser surrender photo — Lt. Gen. Wilhelm Daser (center, in blue coat) surrendering to the 7/9th Royal Scots at Dam 8, Middelburg, 7 November 1944. Colorization by Reddit user u/rwwhite20.

Daser in POW camp — General Daser photographed in British captivity at Trent Park in November 1944 (far right, seated).

Note: Some sources refer to 6 November 1944 as the start of surrender activity in Middelburg. However, General Wilhelm Daser's formal and unconditional surrender—including the flag captured by Walter Rowland—took place on 7 November 1944 at Dam 8. This date is confirmed by contemporary accounts and photographs.

Markings and Construction Details

Hoist with size marking Reichskriegsflg. 1,5 × 2,5 and cut rope end — Hoist end of the flag showing the marking **“Reichskriegsflg. 1,5 × 2,5”** and the original rope hoist, visibly cut – matching Walter Rowland's account of it being taken down from the building.

Thick rope attachment and stitching detail on lower hoist edge — Lower part of the hoist showing a **thick, unusually coarse rope** and visible **railroad-style stitching** on the header. While the flag is a 2nd pattern wartime Reichskriegsflagge, this robust sewing technique is more commonly seen on earlier flags. This suggests either an early production run or the use of repurposed prewar materials.

Fly end with wind damage and reinforced 6-needle stitching — Fly end of the flag showing **clear wind damage** and reinforced **6-needle stitching**. The heavy-duty seam confirms this flag was intended for prolonged outdoor use under demanding conditions – most likely at a high-profile command building or naval position.

Walter Steane Rowland (1921–2009)

Walter was born in Edinburgh in 1921 and served in the 7/9th Royal Scots during WWII. After the war, he emigrated to Australia, where he passed away in 2009. He is buried in Greenway Memorial Gardens, NSW.

Walter Rowland obituary — Obituary for Walter Steane Rowland from Simplicity Funerals, 2009. Source: obits.com.au.

Sources and References

Photograph of veteran Walter Steane Rowland holding the flag (2000)
Signed statement by Walter Rowland, dated 10 December 2000
“Assault on Flushing” 25th Anniversary Booklet, 1969
Campaign map of the 52nd (Lowland) Division
Royal Scots Association veteran badge
Color photo of General Daser surrendering (Reddit/u/rwwhite20)
Photograph of General Daser at Trent Park POW camp, Nov 1944
Walter Rowland obituary: obits.com.au
TracesOfWar: Division HQ Toorenvliedt
Wikipedia EN/DE: Wilhelm Daser
Zeeuwse Ankers: Battle of the Scheldt

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July 21st, 2025

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Kriegsmarine Reichskriegsflagge – Captured in Middelburg

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